Diff between abstract class and encapsulating placenta

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Whereas the objects that result in encapsulation need not be abstracted. It is normally used for data abstraction and further inheritance. Data abstraction is a programming and design technique that relies on the separation of interface and implementation. Let's take one real life example of a TV, which you can turn on and off, change the channel, adjust the volume, and add external components such as speakers, VCRs, and DVD players, BUT you do not know its internal details, that is, you do not know how it receives signals over the air or through a cable, how it translates them, and finally displays them on the screen.

Thus, we can say a television clearly separates its internal implementation from its external interface and you can play with its interfaces like the power button, channel changer, and volume control without having any knowledge of its internals. They provide sufficient public methods to the outside world to play with the functionality of the object and to manipulate object data, i.

For example, your program can make a call to the sort function without knowing what algorithm the function actually uses to sort the given values. In fact, the underlying implementation of the sorting functionality could change between releases of the library, and as long as the interface stays the same, your function call will still work.

The data-abstraction view of a type is defined by its public members. Members defined with a private label are not accessible to code that uses the class. The private sections hide the implementation from code that uses the type. There are no restrictions on how often an access label may appear. Each access label specifies the access level of the succeeding member definitions. The specified access level remains in effect until the next access label is encountered or the closing right brace of the class body is seen.

The class implementation may evolve over time in response to changing requirements or bug reports without requiring change in user-level code. By defining data members only in the private section of the class, the class author is free to make changes in the data. If the implementation changes, only the class code needs to be examined to see what affect the change may have. If data is public, then any function that directly access the data members of the old representation might be broken.

The public members - addNum and getTotal are the interfaces to the outside world and a user needs to know them to use the class. The private member total is something that the user doesn't need to know about, but is needed for the class to operate properly. Designing Strategy Abstraction separates code into interface and implementation. Notice that several visual details of the tree are omitted. Also, it does not grow, consume water, or produce oxygen.

How could it? And here is the essence of abstraction. It's a way of simplifying things so they are easier to understand. Every idea going through your head is an abstraction of reality. Your mental image of a tree is no more an actual tree than this jpeg is. In programming, we might use this to our advantage by creating a Tree class with methods for simulated growing, water consuming, and oxygen production.

Our creation would be something that represents our experience of actual trees, and only includes those elements that we really care about for our particular simulation. We use abstraction as a way of representing our experience of something with bytes and mathematics. Abstract Classes Abstraction in programming also allows us to consider commonalities between several "concrete" object types types that actually exist and define those commonalities within a unique entity.

For example, our Tree class may inherit from an abstract class Plant, which has several properties and methods which are applicable to all of our plant-like classes, but removes those that are specific to each type of plant. This can significantly reduce duplication of code, and improves maintainability.

The practical difference of an abstract class and plain class is that conceptually there's no "real" instances of the abstract class. It wouldn't make sense to construct a Plant object because that's not specific enough. Every "real" Plant is also a more specific type of Plant.

Also, if we want our program to be more realistic, we might want to consider the fact that our Tree class might be too abstract itself. In reality, every Tree is a more specific type of Tree, so we could create classes for those types such as Birch, Maple, etc. It essentially takes away all of the platform specific components of a system, and provides an abstract interface of "computer" without regard to any system in particular. The Difference Encapsulation differs from abstraction in that it doesn't have anything to do with how 'real' or 'accurate' something is.

It doesn't remove components of something to make it simpler or more widely applicable. Rather it may hide certain components to achieve a similar purpose.

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On the other hand, we have Encapsulation which is used for information hiding, it basically hides the behavior of the object from outside the world. It basically provides us the hiding layer to protect our data. In the coming section of the tutorial, we have closer look at the working of both these in detail for better understanding. Abstraction helps us to hide the complexity detail from the user, and only shows the features to the user On the other hand, it provides us the information Hiding helps to protect our data from external resources.

It helps us to hide the unwanted data, and responsible to show only relevant features to the user, which means how we are doing particular things rather than the internal implementation On the other hand, we have encapsulation will bind the data into a single unit and hide the code details from the user, which means how we are doing things internally and the user cannot modify the data so it basically prevents or data from alteration.

To provide the implementation of abstract class we need to have one ore class that is not abstract and we can give a declaration to methods inside that class. On the other hand, we have encapsulation which can be achieved by making the data members private and provide the getter and setter for them to access them outside the class. Ex: we can have a shape class, and other classes can use this class to provide the specific implementation.

It is used to hide the unnecessary information or data from the user but shows the essential data that is useful for the user. It can be achieved by using the interface and the abstract class. In interfaces, only the methods are exposed to the end-user. The best example of abstraction is a TV remote.

The user only interacts with the outer interface that is nothing but keys. The user only knows which key to press for what function. Let's understand the abstraction through a Java program. It is used to bind up the data into a single unit called class. It provides the mechanism which is known as data hiding. It is an important feature of OOPs.

It prevents to access data members from the outside of the class. It is also necessary from the security point of view. Encapsulation is also a feature of OOPs. It hides the code and data into a single entity or unit so that the data can be protected from the outside world. It solves an issue at the design level. Encapsulation solves an issue at implementation level.